{
  "annotation_id": "46b6c095-3f73-432e-b1a3-303914bfbc18",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:36.336000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:36.336000Z",
  "file_hash": "112d92521bb8660637911d77457e766b75f6f6e014861775d2813268cc17d887",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We present a novel method for detecting nonlinearities, due to quantum\nelectrodynamics through photon-photon scattering, in Maxwell\u0027s equation. The\nphoton-photon scattering gives rise to self-interaction terms, which are\nsimilar to the nonlinearities due to the polarisation in nonlinear optics.\nThese self-interaction terms vanish in the limit of parallel propagating waves,\nbut if instead of parallel propagating waves the modes generated in wavesguides\nare used, there will be a non-zero total effect. Based on this idea, we\ncalculate the nonlinear excitation of new modes and estimate the strength of\nthis effect. Furthermore, we suggest a principal experimental setup.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0108022",
    "authors": [
      "Gert Brodin",
      "Mattias Marklund",
      "Lennart Stenflo"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.171801",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 171801",
    "title": "Detection of QED vacuum nonlinearities in Maxwell\u0027s equations by the use   of waveguides",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0108022"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "e9155738-22be-47ac-b1c3-ad8c704ee393",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}