{
  "annotation_id": "455405cf-36f4-4d53-8bec-f167310ab17d",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:13.562000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:13.562000Z",
  "file_hash": "f15ea49e17afd988cd4bf4d54846d1e2f8e86f6b9277ef85a767bc06a604190f",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We propose a quantum secret sharing protocol between multi-party ($m$ members\nin group 1) and multi-party ($n$ members in group 2) using a sequence of single\nphotons. These single photons are used directly to encode classical information\nin a quantum secret sharing process. In this protocol, all members in group 1\ndirectly encode their respective keys on the states of single photons via\nunitary operations, then the last one (the $m^{th}$ member of group 1) sends\n$1/n$ of the resulting qubits to each of group 2. Thus the secret message\nshared by all members of group 1 is shared by all members of group 2 in such a\nway that no subset of each group is efficient to read the secret message, but\nthe entire set (not only group 1 but also group 2) is. We also show that it is\nunconditionally secure. This protocol is feasible with present-day techniques.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0502045",
    "authors": [
      "Feng-Li Yan",
      "Ting Gao"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.72.012304",
    "journal_ref": "Physical Review A 72, 012304 (2005)",
    "title": "Quantum secret sharing between multi-party and multi-party without   entanglement",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0502045"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "bb81b5ab-9d0c-4c7a-81d4-808fb929198c",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}