{
  "annotation_id": "412f8c9c-e7c7-4ef1-aa2c-f9128e6f8907",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:47.724000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:47.724000Z",
  "file_hash": "9821e50366c07976254ff3bbbb8801976c1114c5377f1505c34d61bfac7560bd",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Schroedinger\u0027s equation with scalar and vector potentials is shown to\ndescribe \"nothing but\" hopping of a quantum particle on a lattice; any spatial\nvariation of the hopping amplitudes acts like an external electric and/or\nmagnetic field. The main point of the argument is the superposition principle\nfor state vectors; Lagrangians, path integrals, or classical Hamiltonians are\nnot (!) required. Analogously, the Hamiltonian of the free electromagnetic\nfield is obtained as a twofold continuum limit of unitary hopping in Z(N) link\nconfiguration space, if gauge invariance and C and P symmetries are imposed.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9907102",
    "authors": [
      "L. Polley"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Quantization via hopping amplitudes: Schroedinger equation and free QED",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9907102"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "aae00f6d-7db7-4731-9d14-1716b92590ec",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}