{
  "annotation_id": "3fcf1c78-f4ca-47f3-b69a-bfda180b1888",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:29.343000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:29.343000Z",
  "file_hash": "5d108455a856d4080de43d01f4e8226f82d75f3307725be752c61d609ab55099",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Detailed analysis of the coupled Dirac-Maxwell equations and the structure of\ntheir solutions is presented. Numerical solutions of the field equations in the\ncase of spherical symmetry with negligible gravitational self-interaction\nreveal the existence of families of solitons with electric field dominance that\nare completely determined by the observed charge and mass of the underlying\nparticles. A soliton is found which has the charge and mass of the electron as\nwell as a charge radius of 10^{-23} m. This is well within the present\nexperimentally determined upper limit of ~ 10^{-18} m. Properties of these\nparticles as well as possible extension to the work herein are discussed.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0001038",
    "authors": [
      "C. Sean Bohun",
      "F. I. Cooperstock"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "gr-qc",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.60.4291",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.A60:4291,1999",
    "title": "Dirac--Maxwell Solitons",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0001038"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "fbdda3dd-d4b8-486f-b459-121763b97afa",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}