{
  "annotation_id": "3d379983-62e8-4823-8888-16a2b0bca460",
  "date_created": "2026-02-17T05:53:20.008000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-02-17T05:53:20.008000Z",
  "file_hash": "c135e261f4ee2cca972a2076a5dd8cfaa1bab1175b09b469c3f0fe92a2268620",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Asteroid Kamo`oalewa is the target of the Tianwen-2 sample-return mission by CNSA. Because of its orbit and its spectral properties, it was proposed that Kamo`oalewa originated from the Moon as impact ejecta, possibly from the Giordano Bruno crater. We aim at estimating the relative contribution of Kamo`oalewa-like objects originating from the general near-Earth asteroid (NEA) population which originated in the main asteroid belt, and compare it with the relative contribution of Giordano Bruno ejecta. We first estimate the average fraction of quasi-satellite orbits at any given time. By using recently developed NEA population models, we extract the expected number of Earth co-orbitals of the same size of Kamo`oalewa, and then get an estimate of the average number of Kamo`oalewa-like objects using the fraction computed before. Similarly, we obtain an estimate for the number of Kamo`oalewa-like objects that may originate as ejecta from the Giordano Bruno impact. We also performed survey simulations to estimate their efficiency in the detection of Kamo`oalewa-like objects. We found that the main belt accounts for 1.23 \\pm 0.13 Kamo`oalewa-like objects on average. The expected number of Kamo`oalewa-like objects originated as Giordano Bruno ejecta is 0.042, which is more than order of magnitude smaller. We found a discovery efficiency of Earth quasi-satellites between 95% and 70% for absolute magnitude between 22 and 25 for the Pan-STARRS survey, and population models show that this is in agreement with the known population. The Vera Rubin Observatory should reach an efficiency of 92% down to absolute magnitude 25. These estimates show that population models of NEAs are capable to account for Kamo`oalewa-like objects, thus supporting the hypothesis that that Kamo\u0027oalewa originated from the main belt. This will be further investigated by the in-situ exploration of the Tianwen-2 mission.",
    "arxiv_id": "2601.08923",
    "authors": [
      "M. Fenucci",
      "B. Novakovi\u0107",
      "M. Granvik",
      "P. Zhang"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "astro-ph.EP"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "title": "Origin of asteroid (469219) Kamo`oalewa: the main asteroid belt or the Giordano Bruno crater on the Moon?",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.08923",
    "version": "v1"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "67f2627d-7ec3-4ef7-81f1-98e2861cf4fd",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-01-17",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}