{
  "annotation_id": "391545d7-fc75-4c27-bfe8-43118d8102c2",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.001000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:43.001000Z",
  "file_hash": "ad4acdb54b9d787ee063259e9f9fe697c92eb5471d7fe8d84cce6739861d0fca",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Numerical simulations are made for forced turbulence at a sequence of\nincreasing values of Reynolds number, R, keeping fixed a strongly stable,\nvolume-mean density stratification. At smaller values of R, the turbulent\nvelocity is mainly horizontal, and the momentum balance is approximately\ncyclostrophic and hydrostatic. This is a regime dominated by so-called pancake\nvortices, with only a weak excitation of internal gravity waves and large\nvalues of the local Richardson number, Ri, everywhere. At higher values of R\nthere are successive transitions to (a) overturning motions with local\nreversals in the density stratification and small or negative values of Ri; (b)\ngrowth of a horizontally uniform vertical shear flow component; and (c) growth\nof a large-scale vertical flow component. Throughout these transitions, pancake\nvortices continue to dominate the large-scale part of the turbulence, and the\ngravity wave component remains weak except at small scales.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0304080",
    "authors": [
      "Jean-Philippe Laval",
      "James C. McWilliams"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.flu-dyn",
      "physics.ao-ph",
      "physics.geo-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevE.68.036308",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. E, vol 68, 036308 (2003)",
    "title": "Forced Stratified Turbulence: Successive Transitions with Reynolds   Number",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0304080"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "c97ef590-b745-42fc-80c0-4b57048e67fd",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}