{
  "annotation_id": "38931624-51e4-4b89-8968-c6c11be7587c",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:42.156000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:42.156000Z",
  "file_hash": "6cfcd0f70b34850df1ff15141f4ab62f127f7ab854c52d3e5332f02b3b128d37",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "I develop simple thermodynamic relations for a collection of noninteracting\nclassical particles confined in a harmonic trap. The volume of such a trap is\nnot a good thermodynamic variable, so conventional expressions of the first law\nof thermodynamics and the ideal gas law must be modified. I use the frequency\nof oscillations about the minimum of the trap as an external parameter\ncharacterizing the confinement, and derive elementary relations between\nparticle number, temperature, energy, oscillation frequency, and a generalized\npressure, that are analogous to conventional thermodynamic relations for an\nideal gas in a rigid volume. I also discuss heat capacities for trapped\nparticles.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0210055",
    "authors": [
      "Martin Ligare"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.ed-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Elementary thermodynamics of trapped particles",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0210055"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "b16726ba-9de0-480a-9fb3-6d3df1208093",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}