{
  "annotation_id": "37d9ad23-933e-4412-9a91-6a046147b45a",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:38.139000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:38.139000Z",
  "file_hash": "bb898074538d33c5382ea08d54e558cfddb46cbd0e135b24dd79e74cfc704297",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "All existing quantum cryptosystems use non-orthogonal states as the carriers\nof information. Non-orthogonal states cannot be cloned (duplicated) by an\neavesdropper. In result, any eavesdropping attempt must introduce errors in the\ntransmission, and therefore, can be detected by the legal users of the\ncommunication channel. Orthogonal states are not used in quantum cryptography,\nsince they can be faithfully cloned without altering the transmitted data. In\nthis Letter we present a cryptographic scheme based on orthogonal states, which\nalso assures the detection of any eavesdropper.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9502021",
    "authors": [
      "Lior Goldenberg",
      "Lev Vaidman"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.1239",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.Lett.75:1239-1243,1995",
    "title": "Quantum Cryptography Based on Orthogonal States",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9502021"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "550756e3-89cc-4051-ae12-6ea17b8ade2c",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}