{
  "annotation_id": "3043bca4-2b58-4b1a-98ac-4481a3dde3be",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.004000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.004000Z",
  "file_hash": "d635baf436758349f715abf7d7d6886d7e7a6a3df2a6574ea724407de59d67cf",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We define several quantitative measures of the robustness of a quantum gate\nagainst noise. Exact analytic expressions for the robustness against\ndepolarizing noise are obtained for all unitary quantum gates, and it is found\nthat the controlled-not is the most robust two-qubit quantum gate, in the sense\nthat it is the quantum gate which can tolerate the most depolarizing noise and\nstill generate entanglement. Our results enable us to place several analytic\nupper bounds on the value of the threshold for quantum computation, with the\nbest bound in the most pessimistic error model being 0.5.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0301108",
    "authors": [
      "Aram W. Harrow",
      "Michael A. Nielsen"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.68.012308",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 68, 012308 (2003)",
    "title": "How robust is a quantum gate in the presence of noise?",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0301108"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "9551b7b1-87db-41cf-8a28-eefc43f8d47a",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}