{
  "annotation_id": "2fffb512-6d11-4336-a56f-b0edab068a2c",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:18.420000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:18.420000Z",
  "file_hash": "59379a2e3aabb7950e0d12feba0f26127120a26c8a47ab40adab1abe098f19c4",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Large parallel ($\\leq$ 100 mV/m) and perpendicular ($\\leq$ 600 mV/m) electric\nfields were measured in the Earth\u0027s bow shock by the vector electric field\nexperiment on the Polar satellite. These are the first reported direct\nmeasurements of parallel electric fields in a collisionless shock. These fields\nexist on spatial scales comparable to or less than the electron skin depth (a\nfew kilometers) and correspond to magnetic field-aligned potentials of tens of\nvolts and perpendicular potentials up to a kilovolt. The perpendicular fields\nare amongst the largest ever measured in space, with energy densities of\n$\\epsilon_0 E^2/ n k_b T_e$ of order 10%. The measured parallel electric field\nimplies that the electrons can be demagnetized, which may result in stochastic\n(rather than coherent) electron heating.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0703101",
    "authors": [
      "S. D. Bale",
      "F. S. Mozer"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.space-ph",
      "astro-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.205001",
    "title": "Large parallel and perpendicular electric fields on electron spatial   scales in the terrestrial bow shock",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0703101"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "f626c270-8a94-4ee8-be18-00895fc2cde2",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}