{
  "annotation_id": "2e73adc3-e911-410d-b8d6-b74f512810d6",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.404000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.404000Z",
  "file_hash": "e57d770c5c283dfdc266c3fd51413878b1cbfc8eb368bb0473c651af72c3e978",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We live in a 3+1 space-time that is intended as a description of the universe\nwith three space dimensions and one time dimension. Space-time dimensionality\nseems so natural that it is rarely criticized. Experiments and the highly\nsuccessful relativistic theories teach us that there are four fundamental\ndimensions, among them is time that is treated as a special dimension. The\nspecialty of time can be removed, leading to the concept that time is simply a\nfunction of four new fundamental dimensions, which have now identical\nproperties, in combination with Lorentz invariance. A model is deduced in which\na 4-space, characterized by four space-like coordinates, may host four\n\"equivalent but orthogonal\" space-times, each with three spatial coordinates\nand one temporal coordinate. Coordinates are shared; therefore the 4-space and\nthe four space-times are all in one. Electromagnetic interaction is confined in\neach space-time and the role of the speed of light appears to be that of a\nbarrier for the electromagnetic interaction. The motion of objects can be\ndescribed by four-dimensional optics in the 4-space. Each of the four\nspace-times may host a universe and, in agreement with recent observations, the\nproposed model can be directly applied to problems like the cosmological\nmatter-antimatter asymmetry and dark-matter issues. Space travel may also\nbenefit from the concepts presented.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0410054",
    "authors": [
      "Giorgio Fontana"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1063/1.1867271",
    "title": "The Four Space-times Model of Reality",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0410054"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "ba447471-426d-47c2-a774-6f88378a01f9",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}