{
  "annotation_id": "2e221966-b6fd-4b2c-9a06-69c73f757038",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.420000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:42.420000Z",
  "file_hash": "7b4ce409a613cb5e2e3fdf8cc9e17e161659d503f11e6fd10acd9b9d36ccc9b9",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "In a good physical theory dimensionless quantities such as the ratio m_p /\nm_e of the mass of the proton to the mass of the electron do not depend on the\nsystem of units being used. This paper demonstrates that one widely used method\nfor defining measures of entanglement violates this principle. Specifically, in\nthis approach dimensionless ratios E(rho) / E(sigma) of entanglement measures\nmay depend on what state is chosen as the basic unit of entanglement. This\nobservation leads us to suggest three novel approaches to the quantification of\nentanglement. These approaches lead to unit-free definitions for the\nentanglement of formation and the distillable entanglement, and suggest natural\nmeasures of entanglement for multipartite systems. We also show that the\nbehaviour of one of these novel measures, the entanglement of computation, is\nrelated to some open problems in computational complexity.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0011063",
    "authors": [
      "M. A. Nielsen"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1088/0305-4470/34/35/324",
    "journal_ref": "Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 34 (35): 6987-6995\n  (2001)",
    "title": "On the units of bipartite entanglement: Is sixteen ounces of   entanglement always equal to one pound?",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0011063"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "48c99d2d-b576-46a4-91fc-c0b7487ce2ea",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}