dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaFrom Observations to Hypotheses: Probabilistic Reasoning Versus Falsificationism and its Statistical Variations
| Authors | G. D'Agostini |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | physics/0412148 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0412148 |
Abstract
Testing hypotheses is an issue of primary importance in the scientific research, as well as in many other human activities. Much clarification about it can be achieved if the process of learning from data is framed in a stochastic model of causes and effects. Formulated with Poincare's words, the "essential problem of the experimental method" becomes then solving a "problem in the probability of causes", i.e. ranking the several hypotheses, that might be responsible for the observations, in credibility. This probabilistic approach to the problem (nowadays known as the Bayesian approach) differs from the standard (i.e. frequentistic) statistical methods of hypothesis tests. The latter methods might be seen as practical attempts of implementing the ideal of falsificationism, that can itself be viewed as an extension of the proof by contradiction of the classical logic to the experimental method. Some criticisms concerning conceptual as well as practical aspects of na\"\i ve falsificationism and conventional, frequentistic hypothesis tests are presented, and the alternative, probabilistic approach is outlined.
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"abstract": "Testing hypotheses is an issue of primary importance in the scientific\nresearch, as well as in many other human activities. Much clarification about\nit can be achieved if the process of learning from data is framed in a\nstochastic model of causes and effects. Formulated with Poincare\u0027s words, the\n\"essential problem of the experimental method\" becomes then solving a \"problem\nin the probability of causes\", i.e. ranking the several hypotheses, that might\nbe responsible for the observations, in credibility. This probabilistic\napproach to the problem (nowadays known as the Bayesian approach) differs from\nthe standard (i.e. frequentistic) statistical methods of hypothesis tests. The\nlatter methods might be seen as practical attempts of implementing the ideal of\nfalsificationism, that can itself be viewed as an extension of the proof by\ncontradiction of the classical logic to the experimental method. Some\ncriticisms concerning conceptual as well as practical aspects of na\\\"\\i ve\nfalsificationism and conventional, frequentistic hypothesis tests are\npresented, and the alternative, probabilistic approach is outlined.",
"arxiv_id": "physics/0412148",
"authors": [
"G. D\u0027Agostini"
],
"categories": [
"physics.data-an",
"astro-ph",
"hep-ph"
],
"title": "From Observations to Hypotheses: Probabilistic Reasoning Versus Falsificationism and its Statistical Variations",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0412148"
},
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