{
  "annotation_id": "2a31dd0f-0c23-4183-99f5-1d543c496587",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:35.995000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:35.995000Z",
  "file_hash": "824c137017c3c66285b699eb12db1db8d87f88b681d916fb13e22cb7f75609f2",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A fundamentally new understanding of the classical electromagetic interaction\nof a point charge and a magnetic moment through order second order in 1/c is\nsuggested. This relativistic analysis connects together hidden momentum in\nmagnets, Solem\u0027s strange polarization of the classical hydrogen atom, and the\nAharonov-Bohm Phase shift. We use a relativistic magnetic moment model\nconsisting of many superimposed classical hydrogen atoms interacting through\nthe Darwin Lagrangian with an external charge but not with each other. The\nanalysis of Solem regarding the strange polarization of the classical hydrogen\natom is seen to give a fundamentally different mechanism for the electric field\nof the passing charge to change the magnetic moment. The changing magnetic\nmoment leads to an electric force back at the point charge which i)is second\norder in 1/c, ii)depends upon the magnetic dipole moment, changing sign with\nthe dipole moment, iii)is odd in the charge q of the passing charge, and\niv)reverses sign for charges passing on opposite sides of the magnetic moment.\nWe suggest that a realistic multi-particle magnetic moment involves a changing\nmagnetic moment which keeps the electromagnetic field momentum constant. This\nmeans also that the magnetic moment does not allow a significant shift in its\ninternal center of energy. This criterion also implies that the Lorentz forces\non the charged particle and on the point charge are equal and opposite and that\nthe center of energy of each moves according to Newton\u0027s second law where the\nforce is exactly the Lorentz force. Finally, we note that the results and\nsuggestion given here are precisely what are needed to explain both the\nAharonov-Bohm phase shift and the Aharonov-Casher phase shift as arising from\nclassical electromagnetic forces.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0107006",
    "authors": [
      "Timothy H. Boyer"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.class-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "Found. Phys. 32, 1-39 (2002)",
    "title": "Classical Electromagnetic Interaction of a Point Charge and a Magnetic   Moment: Considerations Related to the Aharonov-Bohm Phase Shift",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0107006"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "f463f364-d637-4541-b8e6-c37ba27a24e5",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}