{
  "annotation_id": "2612d5f4-630e-4e44-8731-70376a314869",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.557000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:46.557000Z",
  "file_hash": "feaea91523f2feb125460b44e2dfc2c8a281ed469246f0100ca4aedb5294d28f",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "A survey was carried out to determine activity concentration levels and\nassociated dose rates from the naturally occurring radionuclides Th-232, U-238,\nand K-40, in the various geological formations appearing throughout the\ngeographically accessible area of Cyprus, by means of high-resolution gamma-ray\nspectrometry. A total number of 115 representative soil samples were collected\nfrom all over the bedrock surface of the island, based on the different\nlithological units of the study area, sieved through a fine mesh, sealed in\n1000-mL plastic Marinelli beakers, and measured in the laboratory with respect\nto their gamma radioactivity for a counting time of 18 hours each. From the\nmeasured spectra, activity concentrations were determined for Th-232 (range\nfrom 1.0x10^-2 to 39.8 Bq/kg), U-238 (from 1.0x10^-2 to 39.3 Bq/kg) and K-40\n(from 4.0x10^-2 to 565.8 Bq/kg). Gamma absorbed dose rates in air outdoors were\ncalculated to be in the range of 1.1x10^-2 - 51.3 nGy/h, depending on the\ngeological features, with an overall mean value of 8.7 nGy/h and a standard\ndeviation of 8.4 nGy/h. This value is by a factor of about 7 below the\ncorresponding population-weighted world-averaged value of 60 nGy/h reported by\nUNSCEAR (2000), and one of the lowest that has been reported from similar\ninvestigations worldwide. Assuming a 20% occupancy factor, the corresponding\neffective dose rates outdoors equivalent to the population were calculated to\nbe between 1.3x10^-2 and 62.9 micro Sv/y, with an arithmetic mean value of 10.7\nmicro Sv/y and a standard deviation of 10.3 micro Sv/y.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0309009",
    "authors": [
      "M. Tzortzis",
      "E. Svoukis",
      "H. Tsertos"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.med-ph",
      "nucl-ex",
      "physics.soc-ph"
    ],
    "journal_ref": "Radiat.Prot.Dosim. 109 (2004) 217-224",
    "title": "A Comprehensive Study of Natural Gamma Radioactivity Levels and   Associated Dose Rates from Surface Soils in Cyprus",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0309009"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "9af4e903-bc05-4cdb-871a-4a9cbfd14045",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}