{
  "annotation_id": "20282a22-1cf3-4e5c-9932-8bef8822a20d",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:07.150000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:07.150000Z",
  "file_hash": "7aaf1798211fb4aa4a549ac8eb89e3a9e1c9c226876b9dbae56600d4a89b4097",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The temporal evolution of the fluid circulation generated by a buoyancy force\nwhen two-dimensional (2D) arrays of 2D thermals are released into a quiescent\nincompressible fluid is studied through the results of numerous lattice\nBoltzmann simulations. It is observed that the circulation magnitude grows to a\nmaximum value in a finite time. When both the maximum circulation and the time\nat which it occurs are non-dimensionalised by appropriately defined\ncharacteristic scales, it is shown that two simple Prandtl number (Pr)\ndependent scaling relations can be devised that fit these data very well over\nnine decades of Pr spanning the viscous and diffusive regimes and six decades\nof Rayleigh number (Ra) in the low Ra regime. Also, obtained analytically is\nthe exact result that circulation magnitude continues to grow in time for a\nsingle buoyant vortex ring in an infinite unbounded fluid.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0604095",
    "authors": [
      "P. Stansell",
      "R. V. R. Pandya"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.flu-dyn"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevE.74.045301",
    "title": "Scaling of Circulation in Buoyancy Generated Vortices",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0604095"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7759d149-9949-4266-9905-bf89c7cd24e1",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}