{
  "annotation_id": "1ddb3317-920a-4f06-923c-17839ec44854",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:28.875000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:28.875000Z",
  "file_hash": "e0183a62fc2685d20cdfe40df0aef88b490b51b9d0d295e52f9e14e39004ce9c",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Experiments are conducted to study the path and shape of single air bubbles\n(diameter range 0.10- 0.20cm) rising freely in clean water. The experimental\nresults demonstrate that the bubble shape has a bistable state, i. e. the\nbubble chooses to be in spherical or ellipsoidal shape depending on its\ngeneration mechanism. The path of a spherical/ellipsoidal bubble is found to\nchange from a straight path to a zigzag/spiral path via a\nsupercritical/subcritical bifurcation when the Reynolds number of the bubble\nexceeds a threshold.",
    "arxiv_id": "patt-sol/9804002",
    "authors": [
      "Mingming Wu",
      "Moteza Gharib"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "patt-sol",
      "nlin.PS"
    ],
    "title": "Path instabilities of air bubbles rising in clean water",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/patt-sol/9804002"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "d6e16276-c7cc-4ad5-bd98-6ed4bee1a14e",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}