{
  "annotation_id": "1d2bcd5d-9a4f-4aba-8e37-9b3228708f86",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.711000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:41.711000Z",
  "file_hash": "a79ba22141bab0bee0a6ef027e4564552dbb12ea43deaa21952cf72370fa2901",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We construct a probabilistic quantum cloning machine by a general\nunitary-reduction operation. With a postselection of the measurement results,\nthe machine yields faithful copies of the input states. It is shown that the\nstates secretly chosen from a certain set $\\$=\\left\\{\\left| \\Psi_1\\right\u003e\n,\\left| \\Psi_2\\right\u003e ,... ,\\left| \\Psi_n\\right\u003e \\right\\} $ can be\nprobabilistically cloned if and only if $% \\left| \\Psi_1\\right\u003e$, $\\left|\n\\Psi_2\\right\u003e$, $... ,$ and $\\left| \\Psi_n\\right\u003e$ are linearly-independent. We\nderive the best possible cloning efficiencies. Probabilistic cloning has close\nconnection with the problem of identification of a set of states, which is a\ntype of $n+1$ outcome measurement on $n$ linearly independent states. The\noptimal efficiencies for this type of measurement are obtained.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9804064",
    "authors": [
      "Lu-Ming Duan",
      "Guang-Can Guo"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.4999",
    "journal_ref": "Phys.Rev.Lett. 80 (1998) 4999-5002",
    "title": "Probabilistic cloning and identification of linearly independent quantum   states",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9804064"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "825cb388-d8e2-4da9-8666-d53220438d4b",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}