{
  "annotation_id": "1c7d946a-d395-408b-90a4-24ccf5ebecbf",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:18.493000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:18.493000Z",
  "file_hash": "77d6b342e02bda01918c3f0f452760386441fe3147fd85733a316a2879235f50",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Using service handguns to test bullets in deer is problematic because of\nvelocity loss with range and accuracy giving sub-optimal shot placement. An\nalternate method is presented using a scoped muzzleloader shooting saboted\nhandgun bullets to allow precise (within 2\" in many cases) shot placement for\nstudying terminal ballistics in a living target. Deer are baited to a known\nrange and path obstructions are used to place the deer broadside to the\nshooter. Muzzleloading powder charges provide a combination of muzzle velocity\nand velocity loss due to air resistance for a given ballistic coefficient that\nproduce impact velocities corresponding to typical pistol velocities. With\nreadily available sabots, this approach allows for testing of terminal\nballistics of .355, .357, .40, .429, .45, and .458 caliber bullets with two\nmuzzleloaders (.45 and .50 caliber). Examples are described demonstrating the\nusefulness of testing handgun bullets in deer for acoustic shooting event\nreconstruction, understanding tissue damage effects, and comparing relative\nincapacitation of different loads.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0702107",
    "authors": [
      "Michael Courtney",
      "Amy Courtney"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.med-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "title": "A method for testing handgun bullets in deer",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0702107"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "c14fd62c-3bf7-4982-aa8c-f63066e9ae9c",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}