{
  "annotation_id": "1c557adc-5735-443c-9c75-86bbfda7dc4b",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.358000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:53.358000Z",
  "file_hash": "8fc9db8319d181bafc10f0161eed4e0007e12b3a2064bc4b75a7c353f885c070",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The Child-Langmuir law is investigated numerically using a fully\nelectromagnetic particle-in-cell code for a closed axially symmetric diode. It\nis found that the average current transmitted to the anode increases with the\ninjected current even after the formation of virtual cathode in both the\nnon-relativistic and relativistic cases. The increase is found to be a power\nlaw. In other words, the time averaged fraction $f$ of electrons reaching the\nanode varies with the input current as, $f\\sim J_{\\rm IN}^{-\\beta}$ where\n$\\beta \u003c 1$. In contrast, for an infinite parallel plate diode, $f \\sim J_{\\rm\nIN}^{-1}$. The possibility of asymptotic saturation is also discussed.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0408014",
    "authors": [
      "Debabrata Biswas",
      "Raghwendra Kumar",
      "R. R. Puri"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.plasm-ph",
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1063/1.1621397",
    "journal_ref": "Physics of Plasmas, 10 (2003) 4521",
    "title": "Absence of saturation for finite injected currents in axially symmetric   cavity diode",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0408014"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "6cb63660-a58e-4ae8-8ed2-0ee1a36830ba",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}