{
  "annotation_id": "1a33c9d7-0436-4152-9ba8-2c1e376f41fa",
  "date_created": "2026-02-17T05:53:11.757000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-02-17T05:53:11.757000Z",
  "file_hash": "a1ed364b0d2201b8d109e27c2ceedbec6f73a46cb8fbbd297aa80148c7c5f892",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Quantum thermometry aims to measure temperature in nanoscale quantum systems, paralleling classical thermometry. However, temperature is not a quantum observable, and most theoretical studies have therefore concentrated on analyzing fundamental precision limits set by the quantum Fisher information through the quantum Cramer-Rao bound. In contrast, whether a direct temperature readout can be achieved in quantum thermometry remains largely unexplored, particularly under the nonequilibrium conditions prevalent in real-world applications. To address this, we develop a direct temperature readout scheme based on a thermodynamic inference strategy. The scheme integrates two conceptual developments: (i) By applying the maximum entropy principle with the thermometer\u0027s mean energy as a constraint, we assign a reference temperature to the nonequilibrium thermometer. We demonstrate that this reference temperature outperforms a commonly used effective temperature defined through equilibrium analogy. (ii) We obtain positive semi-definite error functions that lower-bound the deviation of the reference temperature from the true temperature-in analogy to the quantum Cramer-Rao bound for the mean squared error-and vanish upon thermalization with the sample. Combining the reference temperature with these error functions, we introduce a notion of corrected dynamical temperature which furnishes a postprocessed temperature readout under nonequilibrium conditions. We validate the corrected dynamical temperature in a qubit-based thermometer under a range of nonequilibrium initial states, confirming its capability to estimate the true temperature. Importantly, we find that increasing quantum coherence can enhance the precision of this readout.",
    "arxiv_id": "2601.07198",
    "authors": [
      "Yan Xie",
      "Junjie Liu"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "cond-mat.stat-mech"
    ],
    "license": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
    "title": "Direct temperature readout in nonequilibrium quantum thermometry",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.07198",
    "version": "v2"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5d16d6ae-bee3-45a3-a640-65ae07ae91d2",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-01-17",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}