{
  "annotation_id": "17e14d06-f9ba-476a-993b-0cad3635696e",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:03.229000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:03.229000Z",
  "file_hash": "0d1636c2381659a78ef4ca577542da1b6c484308fe49bfe55dee7812b619d72e",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "There are enough reasons for us to consider time as a dynamical variable or\noperator; but according to Pauli\u0027s argument the existence of a self-adjoint\ntime operator is incompatible with the semi-boundedness of Hamiltonian\nspectrum. In this article, we study the expressions of time operator and the\ndefinitions of mean time from a general and new viewpoint, make a new comment\non Pauli\u0027s objections, and clarify some possible confusion in existing theories\nof time in quantum mechanics. From which we try to provide a new gateway for\nthe conundrum of time in quantum mechanics and reconstruct a unified foundation\nfor some issues of time.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0311188",
    "authors": [
      "Z. Y. Wang",
      "B. Chen",
      "C. D. Xiong"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Time as a Dynamical Variable",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0311188"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "588e9f3f-b205-4008-88e7-7a0861fa1a67",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}