dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaEntanglement in The Second Quantization Formalism
| Authors | V. Vedral |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | quant-ph/0302040 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0302040 |
| DOI | 10.2478/BF02476298 |
| Journal | Central Eur.J.Phys. 1 (2003) 289-306 |
Abstract
We study properties of entangled systems in the (mainly non-relativistic) second quantization formalism. This is then applied to interacting and non-interacting bosons and fermions and the differences between the two are discussed. We present a general formalism to show how entanglement changes with the change of modes of the system. This is illustrated with examples such as the Bose condensation and the Unruh effect. It is then shown that a non-interacting collection of fermions at zero temperature can be entangled in spin providing that their distances do not exceed the inverse Fermi wavenumber. Beyond this distance all bipartite entanglement vanishes, although classical correlations still persist. We compute the entanglement of formation as well as the mutual information for two spin-correlated electrons as a function of their distance. The analogous non-interacting collection of bosons displays no entanglement in the internal degrees of freedom. We show how to generalize our analysis of the entanglement in the internal degrees of freedom to an arbitrary number of particles.
{
"annotation_id": "178a89f0-d865-4f65-ae9b-a1ee7ae4867c",
"date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.376000Z",
"date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:56.376000Z",
"file_hash": "cc3418782a6a923885caa62e174d73723b80269d2b71db332053fbcf023af103",
"private": false,
"record": {
"abstract": "We study properties of entangled systems in the (mainly non-relativistic)\nsecond quantization formalism. This is then applied to interacting and\nnon-interacting bosons and fermions and the differences between the two are\ndiscussed. We present a general formalism to show how entanglement changes with\nthe change of modes of the system. This is illustrated with examples such as\nthe Bose condensation and the Unruh effect. It is then shown that a\nnon-interacting collection of fermions at zero temperature can be entangled in\nspin providing that their distances do not exceed the inverse Fermi wavenumber.\nBeyond this distance all bipartite entanglement vanishes, although classical\ncorrelations still persist. We compute the entanglement of formation as well as\nthe mutual information for two spin-correlated electrons as a function of their\ndistance. The analogous non-interacting collection of bosons displays no\nentanglement in the internal degrees of freedom. We show how to generalize our\nanalysis of the entanglement in the internal degrees of freedom to an arbitrary\nnumber of particles.",
"arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0302040",
"authors": [
"V. Vedral"
],
"categories": [
"quant-ph"
],
"doi": "10.2478/BF02476298",
"journal_ref": "Central Eur.J.Phys. 1 (2003) 289-306",
"title": "Entanglement in The Second Quantization Formalism",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0302040"
},
"schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
"source": {
"execution_id": "2569352d-1f3d-4e12-8ad1-ca34849a18cb",
"id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
"type": "Model",
"variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
"version": "0.1.0"
},
"user_id": 1000002
}