{
  "annotation_id": "1609919c-0168-444f-8d64-3145e3995beb",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:00.579000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:00.579000Z",
  "file_hash": "553b173b9c38410443da8c4ae86a32c740467694fe92b2a011afda9d280aa710",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Nonlinear energy-conserving drift-fluid equations that are suitable to\ndescribe self-consistent finite-beta low-frequency electromagnetic\n(drift-Alfven) turbulent fluctuations in a nonuniform, anisotropic, magnetized\nplasma are derived from a variational principle. The variational principle is\nbased on a drift-fluid Lagrangian that contains linear and nonlinear E x B\nvelocities derived directly from the corresponding single-particle finite-beta\ngyrocenter Hamiltonian (in the zero-Larmor-radius limit). Covariant\nelectromagnetic effects introduce a magnetic generalization to the standard ion\npolarization density as well as introduce a new ion magnetization current,\nwhich are both missing from existing gyrofluid and drift-fluid Poisson-Ampere\nequations. An exact energy conservation law is also derived directly from the\ndrift-fluid Lagrangian by application of the Noether method.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0506059",
    "authors": [
      "Alain J. Brizard"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.plasm-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1063/1.2032739",
    "journal_ref": "Physics of Plasmas, vol. 12, 092302 (2005)",
    "title": "Energy-conserving Finite-beta Electromagnetic Drift-fluid Equations",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0506059"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "4c669277-8ecd-4ccc-9104-e80c67ce15c3",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}