{
  "annotation_id": "14609a54-8c3d-4987-8612-bd118f00d905",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:07.609000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:07.609000Z",
  "file_hash": "23adb636e797b757bb6530604c618a2b099ad67d33cb77131634b782fe6d6a07",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Cells or bacteria carrying cilia on their surface show many striking features\n: alignment of cilia in an array, two-phase asymmetric beating for each cilium,\ncoordination between cilia and existence of metachronal waves with a constant\nphase difference between two adjacent cilia. We give simple theoretical\narguments based on hydrodynamic coupling and an internal mechanism of the\ncilium derived from the behavior of a collection of molecular motors, to\naccount qualitatively for these cooperative features. Hydrodynamic interactions\ncan lead to the alignment of an array of cilia. We study the effect of a\ntransverse external flow and obtain a two-phase asymmetrical beating, faster\nalong the flow and slower against the flow, proceeding around an average curved\nposition. We show that an aligned array of cilia is able to spontaneously break\nthe left-right symmetry and to create a global average flow. Metachronism\narises as a local minimum of the beating threshold and leads to a rather\nconstant flow.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0603273",
    "authors": [
      "Boris Guirao",
      "Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Joanny"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.bio-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1529/biophysj.106.084897",
    "title": "Spontaneous creation of macroscopic flow and metachronal waves in an   array of cilia",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0603273"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "254d7c6e-742f-442b-aeaa-b2d67ea4abb5",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}