{
  "annotation_id": "13ea84fe-8ea7-4e96-9086-330601122711",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:39.270000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:39.270000Z",
  "file_hash": "add941d64f3521cd4a6be5efa504f2c1b6b3e46e236d805f8151e36c99346f5c",
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  "record": {
    "abstract": "The Kapitza - Dirac effect is the diffraction of a well - collimated particle\nbeam by a standing wave of light. Why is this interesting? Comparing this\nsituation to the introductory physics textbook example of diffraction of a\nlaser beam by a grating, the particle beam plays the role of the incoming wave\nand the standing light wave the role of the material grating, highlighting\nparticle - wave duality. Apart from representing such a beautiful example of\nparticle - wave duality, the diffracted particle beams are coherent. This\nallows the construction of matter interferometers and explains why the Kapitza\n- Dirac effect is one of the workhorses in the field of atom optics. Atom\noptics concerns the manipulation of atomic waves in ways analogous to the\nmanipulation of light waves with optical elements. The excitement and activity\nin this new field of physics stems for a part from the realisation that the\nshorter de Broglie wavelengths of matter waves allow ultimate sensitivities for\ndiffractive and interferometric experiments that in principle would far exceed\ntheir optical analogues. Not only is the Kapitza - Dirac effect an important\nenabling tool for this field of physics, but diffraction peaks have never been\nobserved for electrons, for which is was originally proposed in 1933. Why has\nthis not been observed? What is the relation between the interaction of laser\nlight with electrons and the interaction of laser light with atoms, or in other\nwords what is the relation between the ponderomotive potential and the\nlightshift potential? Would it be possible to build interferometers using the\nKapitza - Dirac effect for other particles? These questions will be addressed\nin this paper.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0007094",
    "authors": [
      "H. Batelaan"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1080/00107510010001220",
    "title": "The Kapitza - Dirac effect",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0007094"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "7ce2fbaf-2858-4360-b9c2-dfe868f2fa62",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}