{
  "annotation_id": "10148ab3-68da-4304-9023-8ce5a85f5e68",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:01:10.867000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:01:10.867000Z",
  "file_hash": "685939d811647758e48a93ea25c59e39f8b374cff92fd9c885f48629051e7066",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "The possibility of a new type of computing, where thermal noise is the\ninformation carrier and the clock in a computer, is studied. The information\nchannel capacity and the lower limit of energy requirement/dissipation are\nstudied in a simple digital system with zero threshold voltage, for the case of\nerror probability close to 0.5, when the thermal noise is equal to or greater\nthan the digital signal. In a simple hypothetical realization of a thermal\nnoise driven gate, the lower limit of energy needed to generate the digital\nsignal is 1.1*kT/bit. The arrangement has potentially improved energy\nefficiency and it is free of leakage current, crosstalk and ground plane\nelectromagnetic interference problems. Disadvantage is the large number of\nredundancy elements needed for low-error operation.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0607007",
    "authors": [
      "Laszlo B. Kish"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.gen-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1063/1.2359293",
    "journal_ref": "Applied Physics Letters 89 (2006) 144104 (October 2)",
    "title": "Thermal noise driven computing",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0607007"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "f15d3e64-4aca-408a-87b9-f45719d5a3d3",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}