{
  "annotation_id": "0fd01e7b-c4fe-408f-96db-b5762713900f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:34.487000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:34.487000Z",
  "file_hash": "18b543a69e6a0ff1d37c9b2a3e79c2614dd71b7ab71a32978868308ac9f3ef7a",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We study properties of quantum strategies, which are complete specifications\nof a given party\u0027s actions in any multiple-round interaction involving the\nexchange of quantum information with one or more other parties. In particular,\nwe focus on a representation of quantum strategies that generalizes the\nChoi-Jamio{\\l}kowski representation of quantum operations. This new\nrepresentation associates with each strategy a positive semidefinite operator\nacting only on the tensor product of its input and output spaces. Various facts\nabout such representations are established, and two applications are discussed:\nthe first is a new and conceptually simple proof of Kitaev\u0027s lower bound for\nstrong coin-flipping, and the second is a proof of the exact characterization\nQRG = EXP of the class of problems having quantum refereed games.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0611234",
    "authors": [
      "Gus Gutoski",
      "John Watrous"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph",
      "cs.CC",
      "cs.GT"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1145/1250790.1250873",
    "journal_ref": "Proceedings of STOC 2007, pages 565-574",
    "title": "Toward a general theory of quantum games",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0611234"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "ffcd437b-0faa-4268-b656-935ec48229d6",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}