{
  "annotation_id": "0d1282fe-d980-4c76-b6db-bd5c89f910cf",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:38.128000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:38.128000Z",
  "file_hash": "66f081d4c5a8def5ca2827029e3bb3ca1e2eed7dbc29baa3d7698b84562892a1",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Homodyne tomography - i. e. homodyning while scanning the local oscillator\nphase - is now a well assessed method for ``measuring\u0027\u0027 the quantum state. In\nthis paper I will show how it can be used as a kind of universal detection, for\nmeasuring generic field operators, however at expense of some additional noise.\nThe general class of field operators that can be measured in this way is\npresented, and includes also operators that are inaccessible to heterodyne\ndetection. The noise from tomographical homodyning is compared to that from\nheterodyning, for those operators that can be measured in both ways. It turns\nout that for some operators homodyning is better than heterodyning when the\nmean photon number is sufficiently small. Finally, the robustness of the method\nto additive phase-insensitive noise is analyzed. It is shown that just half\nphoton of thermal noise would spoil the measurement completely.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/9701011",
    "authors": [
      "G. M. D\u0027Ariano"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "title": "Homodyning as universal detection",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9701011"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5abb9e12-bda3-4c49-a86a-63af646569a0",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}