{
  "annotation_id": "0cda638e-bb93-418b-bce1-f2d963bb2c1f",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:57.393000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:57.393000Z",
  "file_hash": "be0500d3c89ab89e3e26ad2f76e0daa3f5cb69d160ebcd0986b162488f3d3f24",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We study the energestics of a thermal motor driven by temperature\ndifferences, which consists of Brownian particles moving in a sawtooth\npotential with an external load where the viscous medium is alternately in\ncontact with hot and cold heat reservoir. The motor can work as a heat engine\nor a refrigerator under different conditions. The heat flow via both potential\nand kinetic energy are considered. The former is reversible when the engine\nworks quasistatically and the latter is always irreversible. The efficiency of\nthe heat engine (Coefficient Of Performance (COP) of a refrigerator) can never\napproach Carnot efficiency (COP).",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0504118",
    "authors": [
      "Baoquan Ai",
      "Liqiu Wang",
      "Huizhang Xie",
      "Lianggang Liu"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.bio-ph",
      "physics.class-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1140/epjb/e2005-00383-0",
    "title": "Heat Flow and Efficiency in a Microscopic Engine",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0504118"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "c31b2f04-e070-4470-a149-8c48e1649094",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}