{
  "annotation_id": "0b3ddd9b-e798-4704-86dc-79542ae74e64",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:03.595000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:03.595000Z",
  "file_hash": "72f2e09a586ed55eb4b3e43e427f14f09ccc6012177dc5f5392ae507d7a2efe3",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "We have recently introduced a measure of the bipartite entanglement of\nidentical particles, E_P, based on the principle that entanglement should be\naccessible for use as a resource in quantum information processing. We show\nhere that particle entanglement is limited by the lack of a reference phase\nshared by the two parties, and that the entanglement is constrained to\nreference-phase invariant subspaces. The super-additivity of E_P results from\nthe fact that this constraint is weaker for combined systems. A shared\nreference phase can only be established by transferring particles between the\nparties, that is, with additional nonlocal resources. We show how this nonlocal\noperation can increase the particle entanglement.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0311028",
    "authors": [
      "John A. Vaccaro",
      "Fabio Anselmi",
      "Howard M. Wiseman"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1142/S0219749903000346",
    "journal_ref": "International Journal of Quantum Information, Vol. 1, No. 4 (2003)\n  427-441",
    "title": "Entanglement of identical particles and reference phase uncertainty",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0311028"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5a44fc47-9e22-4182-8da6-484d4a17a5c2",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}