{
  "annotation_id": "0b2e084c-5355-4e14-8da2-212995177ded",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:02:34.711000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:02:34.711000Z",
  "file_hash": "a10fc1905dab6d0f86bfc7169fad2f8f21244fe04adcbc4bd7c98937beb2d931",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Within the dipole approximation we describe the interaction of a photodiode\nwith the quantum electric field. The diode is modelled by an electron in a\nbound state which upon interaction, treated perturbatively in the paper, can\nget excited to one of the scattering states. We furthermore analyze a balanced\nhomodyne detector (BHD) with a local oscillator (LO) consisting of two\nphotodiodes illuminated by a monochromatic coherent state. We show, that to the\nleading order the BHD\u0027s output measures the expectation value of the quantum\nelectric field, in the state without the LO, restricted to the frequency of the\nLO. The square of the output measures the two-point function of the quantum\nfield. This shows that the BHDs provide tools for measurements of sub-vacuum\n(negative) expectation values of the squares quantum fields and thus for test\nof Quantum Energy Inequality - like bounds, or other QFT effects under the\ninfluence of external conditions.",
    "arxiv_id": "quant-ph/0703076",
    "authors": [
      "P. Marecki"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1103/PhysRevA.77.012101",
    "journal_ref": "Phys. Rev. A 77, 012101 (2008)",
    "title": "Balanced homodyne detectors in QFT",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0703076"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "c3801fdc-8c5e-428e-9844-a3415136461f",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}