{
  "annotation_id": "08caf53c-ba34-43db-b348-c6ce6f75667b",
  "date_created": "2026-03-02T18:00:32.613000Z",
  "date_modified": "2026-03-02T18:00:32.613000Z",
  "file_hash": "9daaad72c99e86c2a56365dc74da82a009b237194bc77d29db184ea1457b83be",
  "private": false,
  "record": {
    "abstract": "Physically speaking, the delta function like beam-beam nonlinear forces at\ninteraction points (IPs) act as a sum of delta function nonlinear multipoles.\nBy applying the general theory established in ref. 1, in this paper we\ninvestigate analytically the beam-beam interaction limited dynamic apertures\nand the corresponding beam lifetimes for both the round and the flat beams.\nRelations between the beam-beam limited beam lifetimes and the beam-beam tune\nshifts are established, which show clearly why experimentally one has always a\nmaximum beam-beam tune shift, \\xi_{y, max}, around 0.045 for e-^+e$^- circular\ncolliders, and why one can use round beams to double this value approximately.\nComparisons with some machine parameters are given. Finally, we discuss the\nmechanism of the luminosity reduction due to a definite collision crossing\nangle.",
    "arxiv_id": "physics/0012056",
    "authors": [
      "Jie Gao"
    ],
    "categories": [
      "physics.acc-ph"
    ],
    "doi": "10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00239-X",
    "journal_ref": "Nucl.Instrum.Meth.A463:50-61,2001",
    "title": "Analytical Estimation of the Beam-Beam Interaction Limited Dynamic   Apertures and Lifetimes in e^+e^- Circular Colliders",
    "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0012056"
  },
  "schema_id": "dorsal/arxiv",
  "source": {
    "execution_id": "5ca3b9a7-a01b-4ff0-9e66-26d831276598",
    "id": "arXiv Dataset IDs",
    "type": "Model",
    "variant": "snapshot-2026-03-01",
    "version": "0.1.0"
  },
  "user_id": 1000002
}