dorsal/arxiv
View SchemaEffects of rapid prey evolution on predator-prey cycles
| Authors | Laura E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner |
|---|---|
| Categories | |
| ArXiv ID | q-bio/0609032 |
| URL | https://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0609032 |
| DOI | 10.1007/s00285-007-0094-6 |
| Journal | J. Math Biology (55) 541-573 (2007) |
Abstract
We study the qualitative properties of population cycles in a predator-prey system where genetic variability allows contemporary rapid evolution of the prey. Previous numerical studies have found that prey evolution in response to changing predation risk can have major quantitative and qualitative effects on predator-prey cycles, including: (i) large increases in cycle period, (ii) changes in phase relations (so that predator and prey are cycling exactly out of phase, rather than the classical quarter-period phase lag), and (iii) "cryptic" cycles in which total prey density remains nearly constant while predator density and prey traits cycle. Here we focus on a chemostat model motivated by our experimental system [Fussmann et al. 2000,Yoshida et al. 2003] with algae (prey) and rotifers (predators), in which the prey exhibit rapid evolution in their level of defense against predation. We show that the effects of rapid prey evolution are robust and general, and furthermore that they occur in a specific but biologically relevant region of parameter space: when traits that greatly reduce predation risk are relatively cheap (in terms of reductions in other fitness components), when there is coexistence between the two prey types and the predator, and when the interaction between predators and undefended prey alone would produce cycles. Because defense has been shown to be inexpensive, even cost-free, in a number of systems [Andersson and Levin 1999, Gagneux et al. 2006,Yoshida et al. 2004], our discoveries may well be reproduced in other model systems, and in nature. Finally, some of our key results are extended to a general model in which functional forms for the predation rate and prey birth rate are not specified.
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"abstract": "We study the qualitative properties of population cycles in a predator-prey\nsystem where genetic variability allows contemporary rapid evolution of the\nprey. Previous numerical studies have found that prey evolution in response to\nchanging predation risk can have major quantitative and qualitative effects on\npredator-prey cycles, including: (i) large increases in cycle period, (ii)\nchanges in phase relations (so that predator and prey are cycling exactly out\nof phase, rather than the classical quarter-period phase lag), and (iii)\n\"cryptic\" cycles in which total prey density remains nearly constant while\npredator density and prey traits cycle. Here we focus on a chemostat model\nmotivated by our experimental system [Fussmann et al. 2000,Yoshida et al. 2003]\nwith algae (prey) and rotifers (predators), in which the prey exhibit rapid\nevolution in their level of defense against predation. We show that the effects\nof rapid prey evolution are robust and general, and furthermore that they occur\nin a specific but biologically relevant region of parameter space: when traits\nthat greatly reduce predation risk are relatively cheap (in terms of reductions\nin other fitness components), when there is coexistence between the two prey\ntypes and the predator, and when the interaction between predators and\nundefended prey alone would produce cycles. Because defense has been shown to\nbe inexpensive, even cost-free, in a number of systems [Andersson and Levin\n1999, Gagneux et al. 2006,Yoshida et al. 2004], our discoveries may well be\nreproduced in other model systems, and in nature. Finally, some of our key\nresults are extended to a general model in which functional forms for the\npredation rate and prey birth rate are not specified.",
"arxiv_id": "q-bio/0609032",
"authors": [
"Laura E. Jones",
"Stephen P. Ellner"
],
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"doi": "10.1007/s00285-007-0094-6",
"journal_ref": "J. Math Biology (55) 541-573 (2007)",
"title": "Effects of rapid prey evolution on predator-prey cycles",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0609032"
},
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